Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Alkanes - Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis. Alkenes - Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov's addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechani

General introduction, methods of purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds. Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: inductive effect, electrometric effect, resonance and hyper conjugation. Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions.

Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number, applications of redox reactions.

Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of mass action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium – Le Chatelier's principle, ionic equilibrium- ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of poly basic acids, acid strength, concept of pH, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), buffer solution, Henderson Equation, solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative exam

Concepts of System and types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions. First law of thermodynamics -internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of ∆U and ∆H, Hess's law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution and dilution. Second law of Thermodynamics (brief introduction), Introductio

Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis structure, polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization, involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only), Hydrogen bond.

Significance of classification, brief history of the development of periodic table, modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements -atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii, Ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valiancy, Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100.

Discovery of Electron, Proton and Neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars. Thomson's model and its limitations. Rutherford's model and its limitations, Bohr's model and its limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals - Aufbau principle, Pauli's exclusion principle and H

Basic Concepts of Chemistry | Quiz | CBSE Board

Quiz on Isomerism and Nomenclature | Class XI | CBSE and ISC Board | Part 02

Quiz on Isomerism and Nomenclature | Class XI | CBSE and ISC Board

Nomenclature of organic Compounds | Carbon and Its Compounds | Class X | CBSE Board

Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

Salt analysis is a vital practical experiment in Class XII Chemistry for CBSE, ISC, and other boards. In this experiment, students identify one acidic and one basic radical present in a given salt using systematic preliminary, dry, and wet tests. It enhances observation skills, reinforces theoretical concepts of qualitative analysis, and helps students score well in board practical examinations while building a strong foundation for higher studies in chemistry.

Here are the answers to the 50 important questions related to the periodic table:   1. What is the periodic table?     The periodic table...

Ethanol can be dehydrated to give ethene and di ethyl ether by heating it with an excess of concentrated sulphuric acid at 170 and 140...

Concentrated nitric acid used in laboratory work is 68% nitric acid by mass in aqueous solution. What should be the molarity of such a...

IUPAC Nomenclature Practice Sheet - 4

IUPAC Nomenclature Practice Sheet - 3

Compound name Molecular weight Molecular formula 1 Acetic acid 60.052 g/mol CH3COOH 2 Hydrochloric acid 36.458 g/mol HCl 3 Sulfuric...